after the seljuk sultanate of room Anatolia was divided into some independent kingdoms Anatolian bellick's the Byzantine Empire which became more and more weak had lost most of its Anatolian provinces to these Turkish people one of the barracks was led by osmond first from which the name Ottoman is derived at the base of the future Ottoman Empire is a myth a legend expressed in a story known as the Ottomans dream where the young Osman was inspired to have a mighty vision of the Empire according to his dream the Empire is a big tree whose roots spread through three continents and whose branches covered the sky according to his fantasy the roots will reach four rivers do freddie's the tigress the Nile and the Danube the Ottomans had relied on religious warriors to fight for them in the name of Islam the Ottoman Empire emerged in 1299 and in the next century the rule began to extend over the eastern Mediterranean Sea and even in the Balkans the city of Bursa was conquered in 1326 and became the new capital of the Ottoman state the important city of Thessaloniki was captured from Venetians in 1387 then the ottomans marsh more to balkans after the victory at kosovo in 1389 their expansion into Europe started the large-scale crusade of the Middle Ages failed to stop the advance of the Ottoman Turks having already most of the Balkans and Anatolian provinces under control the last vestige of the Roman Empire the city of Constantinople fault of the Turks in 1453 after a long siege in the 16th and 7th centuries the Ottoman Empire and large itself on three continents subjugating people with different culture language or religion after the failure to capture Vienna in 1683 the ottomans fall slowly into the gradation the Ottomans conquered territories populated by other ethnicities the conquer nations were Greeks sordin Slavs Hungarians Romanians which weren't transformed in an ottoman province but a had a status of vassal at his greatest extent this structure reach around five million square kilometers in which more than 50 million people lived in the centuries or decades when these lands were under Sultan's rule many rebellions and Wars took place through the years great personalities of which you probably heard of took charge of rebelling against the foreign domination also ethnicity wasn't the only reason to revolt Christianity heroes subjugation resulting in many holy wars also even if the Muslim religion was presenting lavond Middle East or North Africa there were still rebellions not as many as in the Balkans but Europe's Berbers and others wish to be free these problems are one of the principal ones in the declining of the Ottoman Empire the focus on the economy was pointed on war the Empire never integrated his conquests economically and therefore never establish a link with his subjects for instance many centuries ago the Romans were better at administration they colonized the new region and established a pretty strong relation with the natives building and investing in those regions the other ones on the other hand consumed and oppressed the native inhabitants the state was reaching some areas in Constantinople for example while other regions or provinces stayed under poor development the main rival of the Turks in that period were the Austrians but the Ottomans will have a new big enemy Russia which emerged as a new Christian power the great Turkish war was a great turning point in their history the holy League was initiated by the Pope in 1684 in which the Habsburgs polish deterring and commonwealth and information republic formed an alliance Russia will join after two years the Turks will lose this war along with some important Therese to Austria Venice and Russia trade was very important for the European economies the position of the Ottomans was exactly at the crossroads of Africa Asia in Europe because of their location many trade routes were created from west to east the Ottomans controlling given the trade with India just imagine how many Goods traveled through this empire which connected the three continents when the exploration time started Europeans began to use trade around the Mediterranean the Americas and establish new routes to India in Southeast Asia passing the whole African continent ignoring the Empire in between that was the center of the known world throughout this period due to permanent conflicts with Europeans the Ottomans will lose money and trade benefits after new eyes to Asia were explored also the technological race where the West will be lost between 17th and 19th centuries the Ottomans fought multiple words against Russians the majority of them were lost Russia expanded more and more seeking more land gaining access to the Black Sea and annexing territories further reaching the denim seeing the Russians as a big danger some European states helped the Ottomans in the Crimean War internal struggles push the Ottomans to create a way of rowing all those different ethnicities the Tanzimat reform was created to modernize the state and to give to every citizen equal rights but it seems that it was too late people especially Europeans from the Balkans were sick and tired to be under the Ottoman rule for centuries in undeveloped regions compared to the Western Europe not believing it better lives in this structure knowing the history and the battles they fought against this aggressor a strong sense of nationalism was born the whole of the Balkans was divided in ethnic different groups which dreamed for their independence some of their movements were supported by Western powers Romanians were revolt in 1821 against the corrupted fanariotov ministration also the Greeks will revolt in the same time achieving their independence in 1830 after a world the political nationalism became more and more powerful after 1850 Serbians Bulgarians and Romanians wanted to achieve their full independence these nationalists made steady steps to their goals in 1859 a Romanian principalities will unite under one man revolts happened in Bosnia and Bulgaria the Turkish armies suppress the revolt killing more than 30,000 people this will enrage the population even more Russia declared war on the Ottomans in 1877 Romania give permission to the Russian troops to pass to his territory to attack the Turks Romania will declare its independence in the same year and together with Serbs and Bulgarians join Russia in the war against the Ottomans after the conflict then perhaps lost their influence in Romania Serbia and partially in Bulgaria also they have lost control of Bosnia Tunisia and Cyprus and after 1882 Egypt will become a British protectorate after this defeat it was clear that the Empire was still in decline internal problems existed there first Constitution was created to make the Empire more liberal and more democratic but was abolished when the Sultan restored autocratic powers for himself this event was followed by the Young Turk revolution which restored the Ottoman Constitution and this was the beginning of the multi-party politics in two stage electoral system they tell a Turkish war broke out in 1911 and the first Balkan war in 1912 after these tours some Ottoman territories were lost to Italy Montenegro Serbia Greece and Bulgaria Bulgarians weren't satisfied with their games so they attacked Greece and Serbia Romania during the war against them and the Turks saw the opportunity to gain back some of their lost land in 1914 the first world war started and the lost think the people of the Ottoman Empire needed was another world due to their territorial losses the young turk leaders were siding with Germany and Central Powers believing that the Kaiser looked most likely to help them regain some of the lost territory or at least avoid the dismantlement of the Empire the Ottoman forces fought the intent in the Balkans and in the Middle East the state fell into disorder with a declaration of war and Spira seas were discovered in territory against German officials the word tested to the limit the Empire's relation with its Arab population an uprising among local Arabs was imminent the great Arab revolt started in 1916 there was little the Empire could do to influence the course of dis events the situation was too big and too hard to be controlled the rebellion led to a historical event in 1980 forces of the Arab revolt entered in Damascus together with British troops this put an end to the 400 years of Ottoman rule and was a huge morale booster for the Arab world's the Central Powers lose the war and for the Ottomans this was the end the partition of the Ottoman Empire under the terms of the Treaty of Sevres happened the Empire was divided and abolished the occupation of the country mobilized the Turkish national movement which won the Turkish war of independence and regain some of its lost territories the abolition of the Ottoman Sultanate was performed by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey in 1922 the Sultan was declared persona non grata from these lands that the ottoman dynasty ruled since 1299
